The History
The Kyūshū J7W1 Shinden (Magnificent Lightning) fighter was a World War II Japanese propeller-driven aircraft prototype that was built in a canard design. The wings were attached to the tail section and stabilizers were on the front. The propeller was also in the rear, in a pusher configuration.
Developed by the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) as a short-range, land-based interceptor, the J7W was a response to B-29 Superfortress raids on the Japanese home islands. For interception missions, the J7W was to be armed with four forward-firing 30 mm cannons in the nose.
The Shinden was expected to be a highly maneuverable interceptor, but only two prototypes were finished before the end of war. A gas turbine–powered version was considered, but never even reached the drawing board.
On the ground aircraft was very ‘leggy’ allowing the locals of ‘average’ stature to walk underneath it without ducking. In the United States, the Curtiss-Wright Company and the Army Air Corps also experimented with a canard aircraft, the Curtiss XP-55 Ascender. However, the J7W1 was apparently a more capable design.
Conceived by Captain Masaoki Tsuruno the Shinden was a radical design in response to a Japanese Navy requirement for a land-based interceptor able to counter new Allied aircraft with superior performance over existing Japanese types. From the beginning, Tsuruno believed a turbojet engine would propel the ultimate Shinden. The proposed turbojet was not yet available so the all-metal J7W1 was designed around the 2,130 horsepower Mitsubishi [Ha-43] 12 (MK9D) eighteen-cylinder air-cooled radial engine driving a six-blade metal pusher propeller. Work began in June 1944 and the first of two prototypes was finished ten months later.
Engine cooling problems and delays in the delivery of critical equipment for each airframe, kept the J7W1 grounded until August 3, 1945 when Captain Tsuruno made the first flight. He took the Shinden aloft only twice more, on the 6th and the 9th of August. The Mitsubishi Ha 43-42 was one of the most powerful engines available and generated a great deal of torque, which strongly manifested itself on this first flight. Of the few items to be corrected was the strong torque pull to the right on takeoff and noticeable vibration in the propeller and its extended drive shaft. Solutions were underway to correct these problems, but both would have been negated by the planned use of the 1,984 pound thrust Ne 130 turbojet planned for the advanced model, the J7W2 Shinden Kai. The war ended six days after Captain Tsuruno’s flight and the J7W1 ended it’s career with 45 minutes of flight time on record.
Having the appearance of a futuristic fighter for the World War II time-period, it was the only tail-first design of several throughout the world that was regarded as a production aircraft. Kyushu delivered a second prototype but this aircraft never flew. American Naval Intelligence specialists dismantled and shipped the first prototype of this aircraft to the U. S. at the end of 1945 for testing and evaluation, along with about 145 other Japanese airplanes. There is no record that anyone ever flew the J7W1 in the U. S. The Navy stored the aircraft and then transferred it to the Smithsonian in 1960.
