JagdPanzer IV Lang

[Garion77]

hello everyone,

as @digger303 mentioned in his build thread, we are doing another buddy build together, but this time, something a bit more in the alley of digger. Our previous buddy builds being airplanes. So bear with me, as this is my first tank ever !

Tanks have been what I've been wanted to build since I got back in the hobby in 20's, when building cars. But I've always been intimidated by them...and when I got back again in the hobby in my mid-30's, I went the way of planes. Having a few in my stash, and with the expertise of @digger303 at my side, I suggested to him for a tank for our next buddy build.

He's building an earlier version of mine. So without further due, here's my kit !

Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr

I don't know a thing about tanks. From what I understand about my version, is that Lang is for a longer canon. And it's the end versions of the Jagdpanzer. The war not going well for the German at the moment of the development and production, they were in need of parts. So mine as one less wheel (not sure it's the exact term but it's the ones in the upper part of the tracks) because they were in shortage of almost everything.

Being a Tamiya kit, details seem to be pretty good, for me at least.
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
It's going to be an out of the box build, as I want to gather a bit experience before adding things. I was about to add zimmerit to it but read that my version didn't have it.

I have rubber tracks
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Unfortunatly, one end of one of them broke off in the box and it looks like it's the part to attach both ends together. Something I'll have to study later.

Being a tamiya kit, the fit was excellent and the build was quite simple and easy.

Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr


I realize while taking the pictures, that I made a mistake with the kind of cupola where the barrel come out. It's not properly align.. As you can I decided to show it with all the access close and no figures even if they are 2 with the kits. But I will may be try my hand at the figures anyway just to have the practice for them.

I never thought they would be so many pieces for a tank ! and so much cleaning to do. But everything was easy being Tamiya. And I found the building phase quite fun and liked it even more then the building phase of planes.

Everything is ready for priming. Hope to do that before leaving next week for my trip. I plan to put the red oxide after and chip the paint to show it. And I'll try my hand also at post shading...not being something I do often because of my abilities with the airbrush ...

Cheers everyone !

[digger303]

Looks pretty good.
I had some trouble with the gun periscope. It wouldn't line up with the hole in the casement roof and I don't think I did anything wrong.

[Garion77]

Really small update. Primer color was put on last weekend

Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr

May be someone can tell me, but I think the gun barrel primer is suppose to be a black of some sort ?... The goal for my approach is to use a chipping fluid before the paint. This, being that I'm really bad with a paint brush for scratches and all that sort of stuff. I used the Vallejo Red Brown called for that color. I'll let it sit until the upcoming long weekend. Don't trust much Vallejo paints...

Hope to get my chipping fluid by then as I've putted in a large order at VMS for all sort of stuff

Also, got side track with a small project, I think I showed part off before... my brother 3D printed for me parts for the Everdell board game. They'll be use to store the different ressources. Still have a basket to finish painting

Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr

Also have card holder (they are nuts 3D printed) and card holders also for Arkham Horror LCG to paint.

[digger303]

Smooth primer coat.
Sorry I don't know about a black primer for gun barrels.

There a few differences between the different production models particularly the initial and last production types.
Rear hull, one less return idler, idlers and road wheel went from rubber to steel, gun travel lock, removal of the MG sweeper for rear deck, blocking the front portal and a couple of other small details.

[Stokesy44]

Primer looks good. Lovely kit from Tamiya.

[Quax]

its nice to see the Alkett and Vomag versions being built between you and Digger.

its a lovely build and prime! I think the answer to your question regarding barrel colour, is that they were painted a heat resistant grey on production and then the dunkelgelb when mated to the chassis in the factory; so replacement barrels could well be dark grey in the field especially if they hadn't had time to repaint. As to the tone of grey, I don't think (and can't find) a description or picture so its yours to play with

Paul

[digger303]

its nice to see the Alkett and Vomag versions being built between you and Digger.

its a lovely build and prime! I think the answer to your question regarding barrel colour, is that they were painted a heat resistant grey on production and then the dunkelgelb when mated to the chassis in the factory; so replacement barrels could well be dark grey in the field especially if they hadn't had time to repaint. As to the tone of grey, I don't think (and can't find) a description or picture so its yours to play with

Paul

Now you've said it I do remember the heat resistant paint being applied, don't recall the specific colour being mentioned though my memory isn't great so dark grey is good for me.

[Garion77]

its nice to see the Alkett and Vomag versions being built between you and Digger.

its a lovely build and prime! I think the answer to your question regarding barrel colour, is that they were painted a heat resistant grey on production and then the dunkelgelb when mated to the chassis in the factory; so replacement barrels could well be dark grey in the field especially if they hadn't had time to repaint. As to the tone of grey, I don't think (and can't find) a description or picture so its yours to play with

Paul

Thanks Paul for the answer ! too bad I've just saw it at them moment before putting my update ! but good to know for another tank.

[Garion77]

Hello everyone !

Hope your all enjoying your weekend ! I'm certainly enjoying mine as it's a long weekend here (Victoria Day for Canada and Jour des Patriotes in my province). A much needed long weekend as I have been working like hell for the last month.

When I left off, I was waiting for my VMS order which I got and show on the forum.

Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr

Was waiting for it to have a chipping fluid. I've thrown AK's in the garbage as they was weird things floating in it. And didn't like it that much anyways. First thing was to test the new VMS one on a few parts.
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Sorry for the fuzzy picture. I tested it by mixing the paint on top of it with 3 different thinners (acrylic, lacquer, leveling thinner). And funny, it reacted with the three of them. Really a nice product. You apply it by brush and a little cover a lot. But in my excitement to be back at the bench, I sprayed all the wheels before applying the product

Today, I painted the base color using these :
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr

I started by darkest color, Vallejo Middlestone
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr

Then the real base color being on my part XF-60 Dark Yellow. And tried for the first time post shading with the other 2 colors, XF-88 Dark yellow (but lighter then the other one) and an even lighter tone with Vallejo Air yellow Azul. And note to myself !! And to others ! VMS thinner doesn't work with Vallejo Air but does with Model Colors Here's the result :

Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Waiting until tomorrow to try reacting the chipping fluid.
Quite happy with the result being my first tank ever and first attempt at post shading. Let me know what you all think !

Also painted the base color of the tracks. But wasn't happy with the result and on advice of a friend, I was told it was too light. I'm waiting for that friend to give a feedback on the new mix...aka @digger303

But I did paint the spear tracks that is a plastic part. Following a video of Nightshift a bit. I started by painted them with a mix of grey and white trying to recreate natural steel and lighten a bit.
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
It's darker in real then in the picture.
Then using my VMS order, I used rust tones of the Pigment Jockeys...boy those products are awesome !! And using VMS weathering carrier makes them even better. I used only that now with enamel products. Using 2 rust tones I painted different bits of individual tracks and tried speckling with mix results
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Sorry again for the quality of the picture.

The almost finish product
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Just a light dusting left !

[digger303]

Those tracks are looking awesome.

[Stokesy44]

its nice to see the Alkett and Vomag versions being built between you and Digger.

its a lovely build and prime! I think the answer to your question regarding barrel colour, is that they were painted a heat resistant grey on production and then the dunkelgelb when mated to the chassis in the factory; so replacement barrels could well be dark grey in the field especially if they hadn't had time to repaint. As to the tone of grey, I don't think (and can't find) a description or picture so its yours to play with

Paul

Thanks Paul for the answer ! too bad I've just saw it at them moment before putting my update ! but good to know for another tank.

I agree with Paul re the replacement barrel colors. To be honest, a medium to slightly dark grey will be in the ball park. If anyone raises objections we'll set the anti rivet counting enforcement unit on them.

[Quax]

coming on nicely Francis, I think the chipping looks a little stark right now because there's no other weathering been done, once that's there it'll fit right in!

Paul

[Garion77]

Hello everyone and another update ! Wow 2 in 2 days. that's a record for me !

Had lots of time at the bench this morning and finished what I could accomplish today.

Two things in this update. First, my attempt at posthshading with a really transparent dark brown to create shadows and start a bit of grime. Not good at all on that part for me. Don't know how does guy on YouTube accomplish that with a high ration of thinner vs paint...The second thing is the chipping on the all tank taking advantage of the chipping fluid. I tried not going overboard with it and that part I'm quite satisfied.

Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr

So now, I have to decide if I apply another layer of chipping fluid before moving on to the camouflage colors. Hope I made up my mind tomorrow morning to get back at it. Tell what's your opinion on that and what you think of the build so far. Any input is welcome being my first tank.

[Stokesy44]

Those tracks are looking awesome.

What he said. superb.

[digger303]

Chipping looks good and once you go over it with a wash or camo colours those chips will settle into the overall look. With the deeper chips a small dob of another color ( ie..dark metal ) in the centre breaks up the colour and adds to the look.
First tank is looking pretty darn good.

[Stokesy44]

I think it looks great even before any camo goes on. The shading and chipping looks superb and you may not want to cover that up.

You could say it fought in Italy, lots of vehicles were in the field in just their base coats.

[Garion77]

I think it looks great even before any camo goes on. The shading and chipping looks superb and you may not want to cover that up.

You could say it fought in Italy, lots of vehicles were in the field in just their base coats.

That's a great idea ! but since it's my first tank, and not knowing much about their service, I'll stick to the 3 tones camouflage to learn a bit about the weathering process a bit more on the tank. But for now, it's surely giving the taste to build more ! But DO NOT BUY ANY KITS... that's what I said for this year. But there's still my birthday this summer ; a gift to myself doesn't count !

[Stokesy44]

I think it looks great even before any camo goes on. The shading and chipping looks superb and you may not want to cover that up.

You could say it fought in Italy, lots of vehicles were in the field in just their base coats.

That's a great idea ! but since it's my first tank, and not knowing much about their service, I'll stick to the 3 tones camouflage to learn a bit about the weathering process a bit more on the tank. But for now, it's surely giving the taste to build more !

But DO NOT BUY ANY KITS... that's what I said for this year. But there's still my birthday this summer ; a gift to myself doesn't count !

[digger303]

I think it looks great even before any camo goes on. The shading and chipping looks superb and you may not want to cover that up.

You could say it fought in Italy, lots of vehicles were in the field in just their base coats.

That's a great idea ! but since it's my first tank, and not knowing much about their service, I'll stick to the 3 tones camouflage to learn a bit about the weathering process a bit more on the tank. But for now, it's surely giving the taste to build more !

But DO NOT BUY ANY KITS... that's what I said for this year. But there's still my birthday this summer ; a gift to myself doesn't count !

[Garion77]

Hello again everyone !
Boy I'm fast with updates on that build ! what's wrong with me !?!
Decided to take my day off this morning. So I sat down at the bench for a paint session, the Dark Green. First attempt at really doing the camo free hand with the airbrush and no masks of any sorts. Just used a watercolor pencil to outline a bit the different forms. My goal is to get better with the airbrush a bit.

Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr

First off, I can say I'm happy with the result of the hand-free camouflage. But I really don't like the color. It's way too dark to my taste (Tamiya's dark green). May be some of the tank experts here could come here ! I should have gone with my first idea that was a more translucide approach to let the dark yellow show through a bit like mottling. And it makes all the rest look darker also.

A few touch-ups are needed but nothing too much. So I'll have to post shade the green by adding may be the dark yellow in the mix. But I think I'm going to wait before the red brown (Tamiya's) is painted. Any suggestion on how to approach that color ? I think I'll also have to lighten the yellow a bit more.

Not in the pictures but all the wheels are painted. May be I'll start chipping and drybrushing them this afternoon

Have a great day guys !

[Stokesy44]

I think it looks good. The yellow still looks light enough. If you want to lighten the green, you could mottle it with a lighter shade, that would probably get you where you want to go.

[digger303]

I like the colour I don't know whether or not it's a accurate depiction of WW2 armour, but it has a nice contrast and I can imagine in a heavily forested area blending in reasonably well.

[Quax]

I think the freehand cammo pattern is very good and I agree with Stokesy that you can lighten up over the top. The one thing to bear in mind is that weathering on tanks tends to darken the whole picture but otherwise a good job going on!

Paul

[Garion77]

hello guys.
quick update as I have finish the camo pattern. And chipped a bit more taking advantage on the chipping fluid. Not sure again about the end result of the colors. But happy with the paint job. Whilst I think again about the paint job, I'll paint the tools on the tank, the German cross (and may be the identification numbers) and start working on the tracks.

Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr

Critics accepted. I think for almost sure I'll lighten the green...

[Stokesy44]

Nice lines on the camo.

I see what you mean with the green being possibly too dark. Its not by much, just a little highlighting will see it right me thinks.

[digger303]

Coming along nicely.

[Quax]

Agree with Digger, it's starting to look great!

Paul

[Garion77]

Hello everyone,

took a while for an update with major problems at home taking me away from any spare time. But had all day today to relax and get back to it a bit. In the last update, I thought my dark green was too dark. So I decided to lighten it a bit with a lighter mix that I mottled over it and then sprayed a thin mist of the original color.

Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr

After that, I decided to tackle the tools on the top rear. For the metallic parts, I made a mix of a dark grey that I painted, then stippled on them a quite diluted neutral gray over them. Then put gun metal pigments on them and finish with VMS medium rust pigment jockey on them. For the wooden parts, I painted them with AK's Buff, then made a wash of Vallejo's old wood and finished it with Tamiya's Brown panel accent.

Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr

With the same pigments, I putted it on the wheels.
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr

Made use of my dark grey mix to do a bit more chipping on the tank. And I think this will be my next step to add more chipping of lighter colors and dark grey mix and the primer color. Also dry brush a few section.
Feel free to critic or make some advice.
Thank you to all of you.

[digger303]

The chipping is outstanding, really works well.

[Stokesy44]

Great work on adjusting the colors.

The camo would have been field applied by the units themselves, imperfectly applied and then immediately subject to the effects of weather and operations. The mottled and faded look is perfect

For me, its why German armor kits are so much more interesting than allied subjects. There's only so much you can do with an olive drab Sherman!

There's also a much wider selection of kits available given how the Jerries threw everything they could onto a pair of tracks to create specialised armor.

[Stokesy44]

The chipping is outstanding, really works well.

What he said, with added WOW!

[Quax]

agree fully with Digger and Stokesy, the mottling has lightened the green nicely and the chipping has turned out great, nice work on the tool handles too. well done!

Paul

[cor]

Really great detail work. Hope the home front sorts itself out, Know what thats like...

[Gary30]

Looks like it's all going in the right direction to me brother, keep it up till the finish now

[Garion77]

Hello again fellow modelers,

A quick update as I won't do more until next week as I'm leaving on a golf weekend tomorrow morning.

Painted the German crosses, and added the decals for the identification numbers and on the fire extinguisher.

Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
(I think we have a better look now at my painting and weathering job on the tools)

I did try to make a stencil for the numbers, but the difference between the black and white is so small, that it didn't do a good job at all. Horrible ! And thank god these were the only decals because they did gave lots of trouble to put on..

And lastly, I finally painted again my tracks. I'd painted them a while back without showing it here. After asking some advice to @digger303, I had decided to start them over. I'm happy with the back side, but not sure on the top side.
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
I used German grey on all of them. Then came in with an home made mix of dark grey and white. And on top of all that, a mix of Nato Black and Brown. I think I still need to spray more of the later mix on the top part. Not sure.

As always, being my first tank, all critics and advise are welcome !

Have a great weekend everyone !

[digger303]

The weathering/chipping on the paint looks very good and the toning down of the dark green has worked.

[Stokesy44]

The weathering/chipping on the paint looks very good and the toning down of the dark green has worked.

My thoughts exactly.

Enjoy the golf, lucky dog!

[Garion77]

Time for an update...long update...lots of work was put in since the last update. But giving little progress at a time. Left last time with the chipping. I decided to refine them a bit and try to add a bit of 2-tone chipping.

Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr

Work was done on the tracks. Used a technic on a French YouTube channel I follow. Being easy to do. May be not the best way to do it or try looking like Nightshift... But easy for a beginner...It's just sprinkling different sorts of pigments. Then, putting on different shades of washes close to the pigments, by capillarity. And sprinkle again pigments. Remove the excess pigments when dry. And pigment fixer by capillarity.

Picture during the progress :

Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr

They are now finish, after more work on them, and will show them in the next update.

And now it was time to dirty the tank. Don't have much experience with pigments, and none at all trying to recreate mud. I bought VMS pigments, texture pigments and their 2 kinds of binder. I watch the videos on the site to help me. SO first off, it's making a paste with the pigments and Alkyd binder.

Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr

And putting everything on in no particular way. I decided to make a test on the wheels...trying to recreate accumulation I had seen in pictures of my tank.

Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Forgot to take pictures of the result but I was happy with it. You late it dry and scrape with a though brush or a pick.

So it went on the tank, and did several passes with different pigment waiting for the binder to evaporate between each pass.

First pass :

Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr

I never tried other products for accumulation of earth before. Even if I like the result, the VMS method sure makes a big mess when removing the excess (as seen on the pictures) and it goes mostly to waste after. I did use a bit of the excess for the rest of the weathering a bit... but still wasting.. and I hate that ! A good thing about the product, is that you can always come back after it's the dry with the Universal Carrier and move it around or remove a bit.

So i pushed on with 2 others types of pigments. And finish the dirt/mud/dust part.

Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr

Next up, should be the exhausts. I'm having trouble finding what they could look like on my tank. And adding grease (have to find where it would go). And it should be done.

Again, feel free to criticize or make advice.

have a great weekend.

[digger303]

Looks good.
Grease area's include road wheel hubs, idler wheel bearings, and the pivot points for the torsion bars within the suspension system. The turret ring, traverse mechanism also.
The exhausts got really hot and so rusted reasonably quickly mostly being a deep rust colour IMHO.

[Stokesy44]

I have to say that is one of the best paint and chipping jobs I have ever seen. I love the different types of chipping, most impressive is the way you have chipped the camo back to the base gelb. It looks absolutely superb and the kit has retained the vibrancy of the colors while at the same time showing fading, wear and chipping. Brilliant.

[Quax]

Agree 100% with Digger and Stokesy you’ve done a terrific job particularly as it’s early in your armour building career

I’m looking forward now to what you do next time

Paul

[Steve64]

Yeah, I have to agree, and I personally admire that you've avoided the (understandable) temptation to throw every technique in the book at it.

[Stokesy44]

Yeah, I have to agree, and I personally admire that you've avoided the (understandable) temptation to throw every technique in the book at it.

Its always the challenge isn't it. Unless you're talking extreme weathering, its so important to maintain the vibrancy of the paintwork, otherwise the kit looks dull and will become more so whatever weathering you apply.

[Garion77]

Yeah, I have to agree, and I personally admire that you've avoided the (understandable) temptation to throw every technique in the book at it.

Yeah, I have to agree, and I personally admire that you've avoided the (understandable) temptation to throw every technique in the book at it.

Its always the challenge isn't it. Unless you're talking extreme weathering, its so important to maintain the vibrancy of the paintwork, otherwise the kit looks dull and will become more so whatever weathering you apply.

Thank you. Before I started, even if I quite didn't know what look I would like to make, I did look up a few things and made a list on how I would do them. And I kept to it. From the start of the painting job to where I am and what I have left. And I think it's good thing I've done that because even now, I think I went a bit overboard with the light dirt. Try to remove as most as I could. My biggest struggle was the tracks. And not happy with them.

[Garion77]

Hello !

this time a quick update !

First, the finished tracks that I mentioned in my last post.

Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr

These are pretty much the only thing I'm not satisfied with. Had problem with the look right at the beginning having trouble finding a good base color to start with. Although I was happy with them at the other picture in my last post. After that part, following the YouTube video, he added pigment fixer. As I didn't have any (but could have use thinner instead), I put some VMS' enamel binder by drops..and it destroyed pretty much the look I wanted.. that was pretty much how it was just missing metal shine. Which is added in the previous picture. It's quite hard to weather them being so small. I'll may be try to add a bit more once in place.

Also, forgot to show the finished wheels :

Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr

And, yesterday, I took time with oil paints to add grime (not shown in pictures because on different hatch doors), earth enamel on some parts, grease and fuel stains.

Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Those things (don't know what they are but surely some kind of suspension), I took oil paint ABT engine grease and added black pigment to it to achieve a look I saw in pictures in video. I'm close to what I wanted

And the other side with the fuel stains :
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr

So now, if I'm not mistaken, the only thing left are the exhausts and assemble the tracks and wheels. I wrote down how I'll tackle the exhaust. Not sure the look will be historically accurate but I think they will look good if I don't mess it up.

Again, feel free to criticize or make some advice to tweak a few things.

And Happy Canada Day to my beautiful country ! (it's tomorrow )

[Garion77]

Exhausts are done.

Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr


not quite the effect I was after but still happy with the result. Painted them grey, then added random dots of off-white and brown. and then 2 sorts of VMS' rust pigment jockeys. And finished them with a dark brown wash at the bottom and smoke pigments at the top.

Next update should be the finish result !

Take care guys.

[digger303]

I've seen cast iron rust like that, it looks real.

[Garion77]

Hello everyone !

Since the last post, I glued the tracks on (not an easy task), added a missing steel bar (I think used to start the tank) and the replacements wheels, and tweaked a bit of the weathering. So ! Now I can call this one finish !!

Here are the pictures of the finished projet :

Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
A dog hair misplace on the last one !
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr
Sans titre by Francis Pare, sur Flickr

Again, if anyones has any advice on something to get better next time or something I didn't get right feel free !

[Stokesy44]

No advice, its a superb effort.

Only 1 comment though. If you haven't fixed it already, the track is 'off' the sprocket on the left hand side, easily fixed with a quick poke.

[digger303]

Your first tank and your first go at some heavy weathering and it's come out very well.....well done.
Apart from the track Stokesy pointed out the only other thing I can see is the gun mantlet and the rubber on the spare wheels is a bit clean compared to things next to it.
Camo is good and the scratches are not over done.
Very nice work